How to prevent File Inclusion vulnerabilities? – To eliminate or minimize the risk of file inclusion vulnerabilities, it is recommended to follow the below steps:
Proper input validation and sanitization Regularly scan applications for potential vulnerabilities. Blacklist approach: identifying and blocking publicly known attackers and malicious URLs, as well as those that have already tried to infiltrate your site or server. Whitelist approach: Creating a source of valid and acceptable file types and text Enable code reviewing for identifying vulnerabilities in the code
On successful exploitation, file inclusion vulnerabilities are more harmful and even capable of making the whole organization’s security at risk. So it would be always better to put forward the best strategies to keep your application and business secure. Check your website security today and identify vulnerabilities before hackers exploit them. 
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Contents
What is remote file inclusion vulnerability?
Local File Inclusion (LFI) – In the browser address bar, enter the following: http://192.168.80.134/dvwa/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=././././././etc/passwd The ‘./’ characters used in the example above represent a directory traversal. The number of ‘./’ sequences depends on the configuration and location of the target web server on the victim machine. 
Sometimes during a Local File Inclusion, the web server appends ‘.php’ to the included file. For example, including ‘/etc/passwd’ gets rendered as ‘/etc/passwd.php’. This occurs when the include function uses a parameter like ?page and concatenates the,php extension to the file.
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What is a local file inclusion attack?
Local File Inclusion (LFI) – A Local File Inclusion attack is used to trick the application into exposing or running files on the server. They allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands or, if the server is misconfigured and running with high privileges, to gain access to sensitive data.
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What is a file inclusion and how to prevent it?
A file inclusion allows the attacker to include arbitrary files into the web application, resulting in the exposure of sensitive files. This article describes how you can efficiently prevent file inclusions.
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What causes remote file inclusion (RFI) attacks?
How Does Remote File Inclusion Work? – 
A remote file inclusion happens when a file from a remote web server is added to a web page. This allows the attacker to display content from a web application. RFI also occurs when there is a misconfiguration of the programming code, leaving a vulnerability that attackers can leverage to penetrate your system.
Web applications written with PHP codes are more vulnerable to RFI attacks than others. PHP includes functions that promote remote file inclusion. In the case of other languages, it takes a series of steps to allow such vulnerability. While file inclusion can occur in most web applications, those written in PHP code are more prone to RFI attacks because PHP has native functions that allow remote files, while other languages require workarounds to do the same.
To include a remote file, you need to add a string with the URL of the file to an inclusion function if you’re using PHP codes. Otherwise, you’d have to use the equivalent code in your programming language. When the code is executed, the web server will request the remote file.
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